Lloyd m



Dec. 27, 1927.

L. M. KNOLL RADIO SYSTEM Original Filed April 2. 1920 I INVENTOR.

y 1 M- HnnnUMf 1 2 4 m v. F w

BY 5W ATTORNEY.

Reiu'ued Dec. 27, 1927.

LLOYD I. KNOLL, or rnrnannnrnm,

1mm assxonunnrs, T FEDERAL camronma, A conronarrou or Price.

i RADIO SYSTEM.

7 through 1 .gconversedirection's,

. Re. l 6,834

PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR, BY DIRECT AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY, OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA.

original Io. 1,304,020, dated October 18, 1921, Serial nova-roses, filed April 2, 1920. Application for rellme filed February 3, 1923. Serial, No. 616,802. a

My invention relates to radio "signaling or control systems involving the transmission the natural media of electro-radlant energy or electromagnetic waves for telegraphy, telephony or other signaling or control urposes. a

M; invention resides in apparatus for the reception of electro-radiant energy from h selected sources with a minimum of interference from other sources. My invention further resides in apparatus for. directional determination of electroradiant ener sources.

M inventlon still further resides in combilled uniform directional and non-uniform directional radio absorption structure and apparatus wherein the characteristics of both may be combined in a hlghlyefiicient and efi'ective manner with a minimum of ap- .paratus and adjustments. I I

My invention also resld'es 1n apparatus hereinafter described and claimed.

Heretofore whenever it was necessary. or desirable to receive radio signals from certaln specific transmitting stations, or for the purse of ascertaining their direction, it has en customary to employ absorptions structure of the so called loop or exploring coi'l t pe. The directional characteristics of ,these oops or coils are such that it is impossible to differentiate between the true and both being indicated with ual facility, leaving much doubt as to liich of them indicates the direction desired. The structure of my invention eliminates suchdoubt as it indicates only the actual direction of the transmitting station and reduces or annuls the effect of transmitters located in the opposite or other directions,

For an illustration of some of the forms my structure may take,reference is to be had to the accompanying drawing in which:

5,.Fig.-1 diagrammatically shows a radio reoeiving system embodying my structure.

Fig, 2 graphically indicates the directional characteristic of the structure herein described. i

" Fig. Bisa modification of Fig. lin which "to multiple of non-uniform directional structure areemployed. a

In Fig. 1 an ordinary radio antenna 1, of

substantially uniform directional characteristic is connected to a counter-capacity or earth 2 through loop 3 and the. primai-ycoil 4 of radio frequencytransformer 5, shunted around the primary coil is a variable tuning condenser 6 which may also be connected so asv to shunt both the loop as shown in Fig. 3. Th thus far described constitutes primary, or antenna circuit.

Loop 3 consists of a rectangular, flat helical, round, or other suitably shaped coil, wound on a frame or any other suitable means of support rotatively mounted on its vertical axis and of such dimensions and convolutions of conductor that it will absorb energy from passing electromagnetic waves with fair proportion to that of antenna 1. As well known in the art an ordinary antenna, especially if of the vertical type, itself absorbs energy equally well from all directions and therefore has a substantially uniform directional characteristic, which, in refined cases, may be graphically represented by acircle, as at A, Fig. 2.

Loop 3, of the type described, when used alone absorbs mostenergy when the plane of its winding is in the line of wave propagation or at right angles to the wave front. The non-uniform directional characteristic of such a loop is commonly called a figure eight which it resembles, as indicated graphically by thetwo circles B and B in Fig. 2. The energy absorbed by and flowing in the loop is said to be due to phase difierence between its sides; the momentary flow of energy absorbed by the antenna may be in the same or the opposite direction to that flowing in the side of the loop to which the antenna is connected, de ending upon the direction of the transmitting station and the position of the loop. When passing electromagneti'c waves act on antenna 1 and the loop 3 a current is produced in each of them and these currents act simultaneously (for example by induction, as in the case illustrated) on the detector 11. The resultant action on the detector differs from that which would be the antenna or the loop actin If the action, on the detector, 0

e arrangement the absorption,

separately. the antenna produced by.

primary coil and the and the 100 are equal and in phase the maximum telephones fifiif the said actions are equal but opposite the minimum eflect .wi1l he 6 produced. V A.

. flgaconnectingthe absorbingiloop directly 7 in e antenna circuit I prevent anyTh-anmful distortion of their resultant directional characteristic such as may occur if flR'uflH-a 1 10 tenna alone were in the antenna circuit and the 11m? zinc the aaecomkny (circuit mad the two in uctively coupld zbyiawmridie-ma pling transformer.

ifiewn ceil '6 mi- 'tmnsformer 5 is I! aiming wndenser 'f and-conth 83 de- .nectedmf any comtionml- Mar any type ihnthemse illustmted a fitewor dfithe amino eh e issbuwnpcomprisingmn e 111i" trode8;-grid 9,:ant1 filament 10, nih iacbsed in evacuated .Eneiigy fnr heating the'fitaamnt a time causing it to emitndec'trons issupplied by a -blttery or mny'wther convenient source 12 n regulating #resistance 13. One itenfninal' wtf hend-teleplme receivers '01 "other suitable translating deviee I4 is conmectedto the 8 and the other 5am) the'positive side' df' batte'ryqogor its'wquiwelent. (A "variable "condenser 16" is shimtedwcmwthe head telephones and battery 15 fon'thmpnrpose of bwpas'sing radio enrrents "in the plate *tircuit. A gideendenserl'i is'conneeted in sei'ies with thus shown cemguise one .torm of'regenerativeov oscillation generating circuit-mill maybe used for the reception of damped or mnidamped -waves. ilt wil'l tilso' be 1 that' any nu'niber 40 "of mmum tlibes may be ad dekiforthe 7 permifying the received energy.

' timeshare antenna 1 and the loop and of thewesfltant eflecton'the detector. The reverve "C "is ebtainedfby 'taking'the on the tietectorof the 'nnife'rrn absorptionof fine antenna as-equalimfil irrphase ywi'thihe fleet own the detector of the loop illustiated b y fhe-eirole' Rand as equal and opposed-in phase! on= the detector'of theloop 'illustirated by "the circle 15'. "The points "from whihcurve'U'is I plotted wiil 'consebe obtained' byaddingtWthe-uniflormnrafdii of ing from fihe aniformra'rlii-of A which'tra- "verse B corresponding vector raflii of I v v ltwfil be readily 'miderstodd' that the frecy-ctmstants of antenna 1 I will toa certain extentlimit; the inductance ofcoil 3 for-any 'ven mave lmgth,antl theenergy uibsorbed byvthe antenna and the coil will u be wonsidembly iinitited 'iff they were so vproportioned that their absorption factors are tube or electron =dis- 1k whieh traverse B the -corre-' spondingvector radii of B, and by subtractsubstantially equal. sizeuof the antenna absorb greater energy, yet'at the same-time keeping the absorption due to the non-uniform absorprtion structure proper proportion, a secuond coil. 3*1hasbeen added in the secondary circuitas shownlinihig. 3 which. uunprises a modification of 'Fig. l. 'The two parallel loopsmr coils 3 and 3 are wound on frames or other suitable means of support and sufiioiently separated that: their respective ifiehls have little or rrao'efiect upon each other.

In order to increase the v The frames are secured to a bar 18 to which is attached a "vertical shaft v19 z'rotatively mountcdin'hearings '20 and 21 of support m "bwse22. upperend of base 22 comprises a-fcompass scale atnd' b'y means 0f' a pointer 23 secured to i shaft 19 the augnlari hearings of intercepted stations'may be readtly 'determiiied. p

The primary coil 4 and secondaryrcoiljfi-of tmnsformer 5 are so arranged that they: may be rotated relative to eachwthenor separated any suitable distance to f reduce the .1 electromagnetic coupling between them which-reduces the energy transferred from thegprima to the secondary oi'ronit and the detec- =torr. Such an arrangement is very useful especially when 'strongsignals are lacing re- 'ceiVed inwrder that more accuratenor closer direttional reading may be obtained.

What I claim is: y

1. Radio apparatus comprising-an antenna 'path constituting substantially uniformly directive structure, a coil constituting nonuniformly-"directive structure, said coil conmectedidseries with said antenna path a second'non-unifomily directive coil. and an oscillation -circuit co-acting directly with said second coil and With- -saidantenna path and only indirectly throughsa-id antenna -path"with 'said 'first named coil.

' 2. 7 an antenna path constituting substantiallty -uniforr'n'il'y'- directi'v'e absorption structure, a coil constituting absorption structure, series with said uniformly direct-ive absorption "coil, and a recei tirrg circuit "disposed I in direct "energy- "transfer relation withsaid sec'ondcoil and -'sai'd coil connected in Radio receiving -apparatus comprising non uniformly directive antenna path; a second nonv saida'nten-na path and in-"indirectene'rgytransfer "relation through said antenna path *with -said first named 'eoil, a

3. Radio. apparat'ns comprising'anantenna 'path -consti'tnting substantially uni'iermly directive structure,- a men-uniformly directive' coil in-series in said'antenna path wsecond 'non-uni'fomilydimctive coil inductively independent of said first namedcoih amha elosed circuit including-said maimed I coildisposed in energy transfer relation with said antenna path, said coilsbeing rotamble 'intunism Gibb-621011 06 181.

4. Radio apparatus compnsingan anath constituting substantially unilrective structure, a non-uniformly antenna formly directlve coil in series in said antenna path, a second non-uniformly directive coil inductively independent of said first named coil, and a closed circuit including said second named coil disposed in energy transfer relation with sai antenna path.

Radio apparatus comprising an antenna path constituting substantiall uniformly irective structure, a non-uni ormly directive coil in series in said antenna path, a closed oscillation circuit, rotatable means for coupling said circuit and said antenna path, and a second non-uniformly directive coil inductively independent of said first named coil connected in said closed circuit.

6. Radio apparatus comprising an antenna path constituting substantially uniformly directive structure, a non-uniformly directive coil in series in said antenna path, a closed oscillation circuit, rotatable means for coupling said circuit and said antenna path, and a second non-uniformly directive coil inductively independent of said first named coil connected in said closed circuit, said coils being rotatable in unison with said coupling means.

7. Radio apparatus comprising an antenna path constituting substantially uniformly directive structure, a non-uniformly directive coil in series in said antenna path, a closed oscillation circuit, rotatable means for coupling said circuit and said antenna path, and a second non-uniformly directive coil inductively independent.of said first named coil and connected in said closed circuit, said coils being rotatable in unison with said coupling means and so positioned with respect to each other that their directions of maximum energy interchange with the natural media are parallel.

8. Radio apparatus comprising an open antenna path constituting a uniformly dimesa rective absorption structure and including in series a non-uniformly directive absor tion structure, a receiver circuit operatively related to said antenna path, and non-uniformly directive absorption structure separately afl'ecting said circuit independently of said first named non-uniformly directive absorption structure.

9. Radio apparatus comprising a closed oscillation circuit, and a plurality of-nonuniformly directive absorption coils inductively independent of each other and separately co-operatively related with said circuit.

10. Radio apparatus comprising a closed oscillation circuit, and a plurality of nonuniformly directive absor tion coils induc tively independent of each other and separately co-operatively related with said circuit, and means for rotating said coils in unison. I

11. Radio apparatus comprising a closedv oscillation circuit, and a plurality of nonuniformly directive absor tion coils inductively independent of eac other and separately co-operatively related with said circuit, said coils being so positioned with respect to each other that their directions of maximum energy transfer between themselves and the natural media are parallel.

12. Radio apparatus comprising a closed 75 oscillation circuit, and a plurality of nonuniformly directive absorption coils inductively independent of each other and separately co-operatively related with said circuit, and means for rotating said coils in unison, said coils being so positioned with respect to each other that their directions of maximum energy transfer between themselves and the natural media are parallel.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto affixed my signature this 31 day of January,

LLOYD M. KNOLL. 

